Companion of the Prophet ﷺ

أم سلمة

رضي الله عنها (may Allah be pleased with her)

Umm Salamah

Hind bint Abi Umayyah ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumiyyah

Umm Salamah (Hind bint Abi Umayyah), an early emigrant to Abyssinia and Madinah, then Mother of the Believers known for sound counsel and many hadith.

  • Mother of the Believers
  • Umm al-Mu'minin

At a glance

  • KunyaUmm Salamah
  • Family and tribeBanu Makhzum of Quraysh
  • Bornc. 580 CE in Makkah (approx.)
  • Diedc. 59-62 AH (c. 679-682 CE); reports differ
  • Resting placeAl-Baqi cemetery, Madinah
  • Counted amongMothers of the Believers, Ahl al-Bayt, Muhajirun

Introduction

Umm Salamah, born Hind bint Abi Umayyah of Banu Makhzum, accepted Islam early with her husband Abu Salamah. They endured persecution in Makkah, emigrated to Abyssinia and later made the hard journey to Madinah, during which they were separated from each other and their son for a time.

When Abu Salamah died after Uhud she recited the du'a the Prophet had taught, asking Allah for something better, and Allah gave her the Prophet himself as her husband. She raised her orphans, kept asking the questions others were too shy to ask, and gave the Prophet the advice at Hudaybiyyah that resolved a tense moment for the whole camp.

She outlived most of the Prophet's wives and is among the greatest female narrators of hadith. Her house in Madinah became a place where the details of the Prophet's prayer, recitation and household life were preserved. She died in her eighties, and was buried in al-Baqi.

The story

  1. Makkah, early Islam

    Accepted Islam with her husband Abu Salamah and faced Quraysh opposition.

  2. Abyssinia

    Emigrated with other early Muslims; later told the Prophet about a church she had seen there.

    Read the wording
    Sahih al-Bukhari 434Sahih
    Arabic text

    أَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، ذَكَرَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَنِيسَةً رَأَتْهَا بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ يُقَالُ لَهَا مَارِيَةُ، فَذَكَرَتْ لَهُ مَا رَأَتْ فِيهَا مِنَ الصُّوَرِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أُولَئِكَ قَوْمٌ إِذَا مَاتَ فِيهِمُ الْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ ـ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ ـ بَنَوْا عَلَى قَبْرِهِ مَسْجِدًا، وَصَوَّرُوا فِيهِ تِلْكَ الصُّوَرَ، أُولَئِكَ …

    “Um Salama told Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about a church which she had seen in Ethiopia”

    Grade: Sahih

  3. 1 AH

    Emigrated to Madinah with her children after being separated from her family for a time (biographical sources).

  4. 3-4 AH

    Abu Salamah died of his Uhud wound. She said the du'a of calamity and was soon after married to the Prophet.

    Read the wording
    Sahih Muslim 918aSahih
    Arabic text

    … قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قُلْتُ أَىُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَوَّلُ بَيْتٍ هَاجَرَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم. ثُمَّ إِنِّي قُلْتُهَا فَأَخْلَفَ اللَّهُ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم. قَالَتْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَاطِبَ بْنَ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ يَخْطُبُنِي لَهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ لِي بِنْتًا وَأَنَا …

    “Allah gave me God's Messenger (ﷺ) in exchange”

    Grade: Sahih

  5. 6 AH, Hudaybiyyah

    Advised the Prophet to sacrifice and shave his head without speaking, after the Companions hesitated; they followed him.

    Read the wording
    Sahih al-Bukhari 2731Sahih
    Arabic text

    … قَالَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قَضِيَّةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لأَصْحَابِهِ" قُومُوا فَانْحَرُوا، ثُمَّ احْلِقُوا". قَالَ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا قَامَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ دَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَ لَهَا مَا لَقِيَ مِنَ النَّاسِ. فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أَتُحِبُّ …

    “Go out and don't say a word to anybody till you have slaughtered your sacrifice and call your barber to shave your head”

    Grade: Sahih

  6. 10 AH

    Went on the Farewell Pilgrimage and made tawaf while ill, riding behind the people.

    Read the wording
    Sahih Muslim 1276Sahih
    Arabic text

    أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ شَكَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنِّي أَشْتَكِي فَقَالَ" طُوفِي مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَنْتِ رَاكِبَةٌ". قَالَتْ فَطُفْتُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حِينَئِذٍ يُصَلِّي إِلَى جَنْبِ الْبَيْتِ وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ بِـ{ الطُّورِ * وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ}.

    “Circumambulate behind the people while riding”

    Grade: Sahih

  7. After 11 AH

    Remained in Madinah as a respected narrator and teacher of the women of the household; died in her eighties.

A day in their footsteps

7 small, repeatable practices from Umm Salamah's life. Each comes with the Arabic text and English wording of its source, and links to read the full report.

  1. Saying the du'a of calamity

    When Abu Salamah died, Umm Salamah said "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un" and asked Allah for something better, as the Prophet had taught. Allah replaced her loss with the Prophet as husband. She became the narrator of this du'a for every Muslim afterwards.

    Try this today

    When any loss hits you, say the du'a of calamity straight away, then ask Allah for better.

    Sit with this

    Do you know the du'a of calamity well enough to say it in the moment?

    Sources

    Sahih Muslim 918aSahih

    … بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ، عَنِ ابْنِ، سَفِينَةَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ" مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ تُصِيبُهُ مُصِيبَةٌ فَيَقُولُ مَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي وَأَخْلِفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا. إِلاَّ أَخْلَفَ اللَّهُ لَهُ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا". قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ …

    “We belong to Allah and to Him shall we return; O Allah, reward me for my affliction and give me something better than it”

    Grade: Sahih

    Jami at-Tirmidhi 3511Sahih Isnaad

    … إنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ) اللَّهُمَّ عِنْدَكَ احْتَسَبْتُ مُصِيبَتِي فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا وَأَبْدِلْنِي مِنْهَا خَيْرًا". فَلَمَّا احْتُضِرَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اخْلُفْ فِي أَهْلِي خَيْرًا مِنِّي فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ:( إنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ) عِنْدَ اللَّهِ احْتَسَبْتُ مُصِيبَتِي فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا …

    “Indeed, to Allah we belong and to Him we shall return”

    Grade: Sahih Isnaad (al-Albani)

  2. Asking questions without embarrassment

    Umm Salamah and her friend Umm Sulaym asked the Prophet openly about ghusl and other intimate matters, saying Allah is not shy of the truth. Her willingness to ask means women still have clear answers today.

    Try this today

    Ask a scholar about the thing you are too shy to ask.

    Sit with this

    What question are you too shy to ask?

    Sources

    Sahih al-Bukhari 130Sahih

    قَالَتْ جَاءَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ، فَهَلْ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ غُسْلٍ إِذَا احْتَلَمَتْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم" إِذَا رَأَتِ الْمَاءَ". فَغَطَّتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ ـ تَعْنِي وَجْهَهَا ـ وَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَتَحْتَلِمُ الْمَرْأَةُ قَالَ" نَعَمْ تَرِبَتْ يَمِينُكِ …

    “Verily, Allah is not shy of (telling you) the truth”

    Grade: Sahih

    Sunan an-Nasa'i 197Sahih

    أَنَّ امْرَأَةً، قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ هَلْ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ غُسْلٌ إِذَا هِيَ احْتَلَمَتْ قَالَ" نَعَمْ إِذَا رَأَتِ الْمَاءَ". فَضَحِكَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَتْ أَتَحْتَلِمُ الْمَرْأَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم" فَفِيمَ يُشْبِهُهَا الْوَلَدُ".

    “Allah is not shy to tell the truth”

    Grade: Sahih (al-Albani)

  3. Spending on orphans as your own

    She asked whether she would be rewarded for spending on Abu Salamah's children, since they were poor and she would not abandon them. The Prophet told her yes: she would have a reward for every expenditure on them. She raised them as her own.

    Try this today

    Spend on a child in your care and intend it as worship; there is reward for every portion.

    Sit with this

    Do you intend what you spend on your family as worship?

    Sources

    Sahih al-Bukhari 5369Sahih

    حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ ابْنَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لِي مِنْ أَجْرٍ فِي بَنِي أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَنْ أُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَسْتُ بِتَارِكَتِهِمْ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا، إِنَّمَا هُمْ بَنِيَّ. قَالَ " نَعَمْ لَكِ أَجْرُ مَا أَنْفَقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ".

    “Shall I get a reward (in the Hereafter) if I spend on the children of Abu Salama”

    Grade: Sahih

    Sahih Muslim 1001aSahih

    قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لِي أَجْرٌ فِي بَنِي أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَسْتُ بِتَارِكَتِهِمْ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا إِنَّمَا هُمْ بَنِيَّ. فَقَالَ " نَعَمْ لَكِ فِيهِمْ أَجْرُ مَا أَنْفَقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ".

    “For you is the reward for what you spend on them”

    Grade: Sahih

  4. Giving calm, practical counsel

    At Hudaybiyyah the Companions did not rise to slaughter their animals right after the treaty. The Prophet entered her tent upset. She told him to act himself, speak to no one, and let them follow. They did, immediately. She did not argue; she gave a plan that worked.

    Try this today

    When people are stuck, show them the action instead of arguing the point.

    Sit with this

    When people are stuck, could you show them the action instead of arguing?

    Source

    Sahih al-Bukhari 2731Sahih

    … قَالَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قَضِيَّةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لأَصْحَابِهِ" قُومُوا فَانْحَرُوا، ثُمَّ احْلِقُوا". قَالَ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا قَامَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ دَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَ لَهَا مَا لَقِيَ مِنَ النَّاسِ. فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أَتُحِبُّ …

    “Go out and don't say a word to anybody till you have slaughtered your sacrifice and call your barber to shave your head”

    Grade: Sahih

  5. Performing tawaf with ease when ill

    Umm Salamah told the Prophet she was unwell. He told her to make tawaf behind the people while riding. She did so and heard him praying by the House and reciting surat at-Tur. She took the concession and kept her worship.

    Try this today

    Use the ease Allah gives you when ill and keep the worship going.

    Sit with this

    When you are ill, do you use the ease Allah gives you to keep worshipping?

    Sources

    Sahih Muslim 1276Sahih

    أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ شَكَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنِّي أَشْتَكِي فَقَالَ" طُوفِي مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَنْتِ رَاكِبَةٌ". قَالَتْ فَطُفْتُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حِينَئِذٍ يُصَلِّي إِلَى جَنْبِ الْبَيْتِ وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ بِـ{ الطُّورِ * وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ}.

    “Circumambulate behind the people while riding”

    Grade: Sahih

    Sunan Abi Dawud 1882Sahih

    … عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ شَكَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنِّي أَشْتَكِي فَقَالَ" طُوفِي مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَنْتِ رَاكِبَةٌ". قَالَتْ فَطُفْتُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حِينَئِذٍ يُصَلِّي إِلَى جَنْبِ الْبَيْتِ وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ بِـ{ الطُّورِ * وَكِتَابٍ …

    “Perform the circumambulation riding behind the people”

    Grade: Sahih (al-Albani)

  6. Praying for good at the sickbed and the funeral

    Umm Salamah narrated the Prophet's instruction that when visiting the sick or the dead, people should say only good du'as, because angels say Amen. She then applied it when Abu Salamah died, using the du'a she was taught.

    Try this today

    At a sickbed or funeral, say only du'as of goodness; angels say Amen.

    Sit with this

    At a sickbed or funeral, do you say only words of goodness?

    Source

    Sahih Muslim 919Sahih

    قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم" إِذَا حَضَرْتُمُ الْمَرِيضَ أَوِ الْمَيِّتَ فَقُولُوا خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ يُؤَمِّنُونَ عَلَى مَا تَقُولُونَ". قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ قَدْ مَاتَ قَالَ" قُولِي اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلَهُ وَأَعْقِبْنِي مِنْهُ عُقْبَى حَسَنَةً". …

    “Whenever you visit the sick or the dead, supplicate for good because angels say”

    Grade: Sahih

  7. Preserving the Prophet's recitation

    Umm Salamah described how the Prophet recited, stopping at the end of each verse rather than running them together. Her precise memory kept the way of recitation alive for later generations.

    Try this today

    Recite slowly and stop at verse ends, as she describes.

    Sit with this

    Do you pause at the end of each verse when you recite?

    Source

    Sunan Abi Dawud 4001Sahih

    أَنَّهَا ذَكَرَتْ - أَوْ كَلِمَةً غَيْرَهَا - قِرَاءَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم{ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ * الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ * الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ * مَلِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ} يَقْطَعُ قِرَاءَتَهُ آيَةً آيَةً. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ يَقُولُ الْقِرَاءَةُ الْقَدِيمَةُ{ مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ}.

    “breaking its recitation into verses, one after another”

    Grade: Sahih (al-Albani)

Virtues

  • She was present when Jibril came to the Prophet in the form of Dihyah, and the Prophet later told her who it was.

    “It was Dihya”

    Arabic text

    … يُحَدِّثُ ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم لأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ " مَنْ هَذَا". أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. قَالَ قَالَتْ هَذَا دِحْيَةُ. قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ ايْمُ اللَّهِ مَا حَسِبْتُهُ إِلاَّ إِيَّاهُ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ خُطْبَةَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُخْبِرُ جِبْرِيلَ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لأَبِي عُثْمَانَ مِمَّنْ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا قَالَ مِنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ …

    Sahih al-Bukhari 3634Sahih

  • She was a Mother of the Believers.

    “his wives are (as) their mothers”

    Arabic text

    ٱلنَّبِىُّ أَوْلَىٰ بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَٰجُهُۥٓ أُمَّهَٰتُهُمْ وَأُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِى كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُهَٰجِرِينَ إِلَّآ أَن تَفْعَلُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰٓ أَوْلِيَآئِكُم مَّعْرُوفًا كَانَ ذَٰلِكَ فِى ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مَسْطُورًا

    Quran 33:6Quran

  • The Prophet asked her opinion in a time of crisis and followed it.

    “Um Salama said”

    Arabic text

    … بِهِ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَعَمِلْتُ لِذَلِكَ أَعْمَالاً. قَالَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قَضِيَّةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لأَصْحَابِهِ" قُومُوا فَانْحَرُوا، ثُمَّ احْلِقُوا". قَالَ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا قَامَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ دَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَذَكَرَ لَهَا مَا لَقِيَ …

    Sahih al-Bukhari 2731Sahih

Sayings and moments

  • Her question to the Prophet: shall she be rewarded for spending on Abu Salamah's children?

    “Shall I get a reward (in the Hereafter) if I spend on the children of Abu Salama”

    Arabic text

    حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ ابْنَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لِي مِنْ أَجْرٍ فِي بَنِي أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَنْ أُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَسْتُ بِتَارِكَتِهِمْ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا، إِنَّمَا هُمْ بَنِيَّ. قَالَ " نَعَمْ لَكِ أَجْرُ مَا أَنْفَقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ".

    Sahih al-Bukhari 5369Sahih

  • After her husband's death she said the du'a of calamity and asked Allah for reward.

    “I seek reward with Allah for my affliction, so reward me for it”

    Arabic text

    … خَيْرًا مِنِّي فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ:( إنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ) عِنْدَ اللَّهِ احْتَسَبْتُ مُصِيبَتِي فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ …

    Jami at-Tirmidhi 3511Sahih Isnaad

Words on this page

Du'aدعاء
Supplication: calling on Allah and asking Him, in any language and at any time.
Ghuslغسل
A full ritual bath, washing the whole body, required in certain states and recommended before Friday prayer.
Hadithحديث
A report of what the Prophet ﷺ said, did or approved, passed down through a chain of narrators.
Madinahالمدينة
The city, formerly Yathrib, to which the Prophet ﷺ migrated and where the first Muslim community was built.
Makkahمكة
The city of the Ka'bah, where the Prophet ﷺ was born and revelation began.
Qurayshقريش
The leading tribe of Makkah, to which the Prophet ﷺ belonged, and which opposed him for most of his mission.
Surahسورة
A chapter of the Quran. There are 114.
Tawafطواف
Walking seven times around the Ka'bah as an act of worship.
Uhudأحد
The mountain outside Madinah where the Muslims fought Quraysh in 3 AH, and where Hamzah and many others were martyred.

The full glossary

Sources and review

Hadith numbers follow sunnah.com. Each report links to sunnah.com, and, where the numbering matches, to al-Hadees or HadithUnlocked as well. Quran verses link to quran.com, Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tanzil. The Arabic is taken from the hadith editions and trimmed around the quoted words, so read the full report at the source before relying on it. Grades are the ones those editions give.

This page is pending scholar review. It was compiled from public sources, and its citations were last checked on 7 October 2026. If you notice a mistake or a missing source, please tell us.

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